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  5. 关于abbreviation

  如果文章用了很多的Abbreviation, 两种方法加以解决

  1) 在文章最好加上个Appendix,把所有Abbreviation列表

  2) 在不同的页面上,不时地给出Abbreviation的含义,用来提醒读者。

  总之,写文章的目的是要让读者读懂,读得清晰,并且采取各种措施方便于读者。

  Discussion 部分 时态

  (a) 指出结果在哪些图表中列出,常用一般现在时。如:Figure 2 shows the variation in the temperature of the samples over time.

  (b) 叙述或总结研究结果的内容为关于过去的事实,所以通常采用过去时。如:After flights of less than two hours, 11% of the army pilots and 33% of the civilian pilots reported back pain.

  (c) 对研究结果进行说明或由其得出一般性推论时,多用现在时。如:The higher incidence of back pain in civilian pilots may be due to their greater accumulated flying time.

  (d) 不同结果之间或实验数据与理论模型之间进行比较时,多采一般现在时(这种比较关系多为不受时间影响的逻辑上的事实)。如:These results agree well with the findings of Smith, et al.

  6. 讨论部份包括什么内容?

  6.1 主要内容

  1) 主要数据特征的总结

  2) 主要结论以及与前人观点的对比

  3) 本文的不足

  第三点,在一般作者看来不可取。事实上给出文章的不足恰恰是保护自己文章的重要手段。如果刻意隐藏文章的漏洞,觉得别人看不出来,是非常不明智的。

  所谓不足,包括以下内容:

  a) 研究的问题有点片面

  讨论时一定要说,

  It should be noted that this study has examined only…

  We concentrate (focus) on only...

  We have to point out that we do not…

  Some limitations of this study are...

  b) 结论有些不足

  The results do not imply…

  The results can not be used to determine…

  be taken as evidence of…

  Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data…

  Our results are lack of ...

  但是,在指出这些不足之后,随后一定要再一次加强本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足,为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下浮笔。

  Notwithstanding its limitation, this study does suggest…

  However, these problems could be solved if we consider…

  Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate…

  用中文来说,这一部份是左右逢源。把审稿人想到的问题提前给一个交代,同时表明你已经在思考这些问题,但是由于文章长度,试验进度或者试验手段的制约,暂时不能回答这些问题。但是,这些通过你的一些建议,这些问题在将来的研究中游可能实现。

  P.S.

  坚信观点的真实性:prove, demonstrate

  不确定性: show,indicate,found

  表示推测: imply,suggest

  6.2 关于结论中的时态:

  (1) 回顾研究目的时,通常使用过去时。如:In this study, the effects of two different learning methods were investigated.

  (2) 如果所概述结果的有效性只是针对本次特定的研究,需用过去时;如果具有普遍的意义,则用现在时。如: In the first series of trials, the experimental values were all lower than the theoretical predictions. The experimental and theoretical values for the yields agree well.

  (3) 阐述由结果得出的推论时,通常使用现在时。如:The data reported here suggest (These findings support the hypothesis, Our data provide evidence) that the reaction rate may be determined by the amount of oxygen available.

  Some points of style

  (摘自一个老外的Writing a Paper, 第一点和最后一点是我们经常用错的)

  Do not use nouns as adjectives (不要把名词当作形容词用)l

  Not: ATP formation; reaction product

  But: Formation of ATP; product of the reaction

  The word “this” must always be followed by a noun, so that its reference is explicit.l

  (This 后面必须跟一个名词)

  Not: This is a fast reaction; This leads us to conclude..,

  But: This reaction is fast; This observation leads us to conclude…

  Describe experimental results in the past tense. (试验结果用过去时)l

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